The term “limited network” refers to a group of exemptions which are defined in Section 2 para. 1 no. 10a of the German Payment Services Supervision Act (ZAG). If one of these exemptions applies, a product which normally requires a licence can be introduced to the market without a licence. A limited network can include, for example, payment cards that can only be used at a certain retail chain, but also city cards or shopping mall cards.